Final answer:
The LPN's scope of practice usually includes assessing client needs and providing nursing care under the supervision of an RN or physician, while teaching and conducting research are typically outside their scope. Restricted activities may require additional authorization and vary by region.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about the scope of practice for a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN). The scope of practice for LPNs varies by jurisdiction, but generally, they are allowed to perform certain nursing duties under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN) or a physician. These duties often include:
- Assessing client needs within a structured setting and with predictable outcomes, often using standardized and well-defined guidelines.
- Providing nursing care such as administering medications, wound care, and other treatments prescribed by an RN or a physician.
- Participating in the implementation of the nursing process, although LPNs do not usually have the responsibility for developing nursing diagnoses or care plans.
Activities like teaching about healthcare and conducting related research are usually within the scope of an RN or advanced practice nurses, and typically not within the LPN scope of practice. The term 'restricted activities' varies by region but often refers to more complex procedures that may require additional certification or authorization for an LPN to perform.
From the options provided, items (a) and (d) generally fall within an LPN's scope of practice, depending on jurisdiction-specific regulations. Therefore, the answer is that an LPN's scope of practice typically includes 'assess client needs' and 'providing nursing care'.