Final answer:
Atherosclerosis is the main disorder that causes calcification of the arteries, alongside diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, all of which contribute significantly to cardiovascular diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Calcification of the arteries is known to be caused by several disorders. Primarily, atherosclerosis is characterized by the deposition of fatty, calcified deposits in an artery. Other factors that contribute to this condition include diabetes mellitus, which is associated with elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins leading to severe atherosclerosis. Moreover, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are significant risk factors for atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, with hypertension often causing other cardiovascular diseases like stroke and peripheral artery disease.