Final answer:
Alpha adrenoceptor blockers are used to treat hypertension and urinary retention by inhibiting adrenaline's action at alpha receptors, leading to vasodilation and smooth muscle relaxation. Common side effects include orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia, and a rare but serious side effect is priapism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Usage and Side Effects of Alpha Adrenoceptor Blockers
Alpha adrenoceptor blockers are medications that primarily inhibit the action of catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline at the alpha-adrenergic receptors. These drugs are useful in conditions such as hypertension and urinary retention, which is often associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
When used for hypertension, alpha blockers cause vasodilation, thereby reducing blood pressure. However, a common side effect is orthostatic hypotension, which can cause dizziness or fainting when standing up too quickly. Another side effect that can occur is reflex tachycardia, a compensatory increase in heart rate due to blood pressure drop. For urinary retention, alpha blockers relax smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate, improving urine flow.
While alpha blockers can be beneficial, they also have potential adverse effects. Priapism, a prolonged and painful erection, is a rare but serious side effect associated with these drugs. This condition requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage.