Final answer:
Injuries to the eyes during arc welding can result from not using eye protection while chipping, not wearing a welding helmet or shield, or using a lens with insufficient shading. Proper protective gear, including helmets with correct filter lenses and safety goggles, helps prevent eye injuries and exposure to harmful UV radiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When arc welding, injury to the eyes can result from chipping without eye protection, viewing welding without a helmet or shield, and welding with less than a number 10 lens. All options represent situations where individuals may expose their eyes to potential hazards such as flying debris, intense light, and ultraviolet radiation which can lead to injuries like photo keratitis, or 'arc eye', and increase the risk of cataracts. Using proper protective gear including helmets with appropriate filter lenses, safety goggles, and full coverage protection is essential in preventing retinal burns and other eye injuries. Furthermore, repeated exposure to UV-B radiation can lead to cataracts which can impair vision but are treatable. However, prevention with the correct especially polycarbonate lenses, is the best strategy for maintaining eye health.