Final answer:
Criminal offenses are divided into two categories: indictable offenses, which include serious crimes like felonies and require grand jury indictment, and summary offenses, which are less serious. Both state and federal courts can hear both civil and criminal cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Criminal offenses are categorized into indictable and summary offenses, making option A the correct choice. Indictable offenses are serious crimes that require a formal charging process, such as issuing an indictment by a grand jury, and generally include felonies. Summary offenses, on the other hand, are less serious and can be tried without a grand jury proceeding.
Both state and federal courts have the jurisdiction to hear matters involving civil law and criminal law, making option C correct for reference question 7. Situations where the double jeopardy rule in the Bill of Rights comes into play include not retrying someone in the federal court for a criminal act they have been acquitted of in a state court and vice versa, thereby answering reference question 13 as option D. Finally, the types of cases that come before the International Court of Justice are generally involving disputes between countries, relevant to reference question 9 as option A.