Final answer:
The four components mentioned in the question - the case, primer, powder, and bullet - are parts of a cartridge, which is used in handguns and rifles, not in shotshells or muzzleloaders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The case, primer, powder, and bullet represent the four basic parts of a cartridge used in firearms. When looking at the options provided: a shotshell, handgun, rifle, and muzzleloader, the correct answer is a handgun or a rifle as both use cartridges that consist of these four components. On the contrary, shotshells are used in shotguns and have similar but distinct components, including a shell case, primer, powder, wad, and shot (instead of a bullet). Muzzleloaders are a type of firearm in which the projectile and powder are loaded from the muzzle (the open end of the gun barrel) and usually do not have a self-contained cartridge.