Final answer:
The correct answer is D) Hyperventilation, which is a condition triggered by stress and anxiety, characterized by rapid and shallow breathing that can lead to a panic-like appearance and is treated with controlled breathing exercises.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition precipitated by stress & anxiety that may manifest in rapid & shallow breathing, lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat, and a panic-stricken appearance, and is treated by having the patient breathe into a paper bag or cupped hands is D) Hyperventilation. This occurs when there is increased ventilation that leads to a decrease in blood carbon dioxide levels and a rise in blood pH, which can be more alkaline. Those experiencing extreme anxiety may also show signs that resemble a panic attack, and in such events, certain techniques like meditation or deep breathing exercises are helpful in reducing anxiety and heart rate.
During periods of stress, the limbic system can increase the heart rate, often accompanied by a surge in cortisol, a stress hormone. Multiple factors can contribute to such stress reactions, impacting cardiovascular health. Rapid and involuntary hyperventilation could be a response to several stressful situations, leading to effects such as an increased blood pH due to a drop in the carbon dioxide levels.