Final answer:
Increasing tube current in X-ray imaging results in a higher patient dose, as more electrons produce a greater number of X-ray photons for diagnostic imaging.
Step-by-step explanation:
If all other factors remain the same, when you increase tube current in an X-ray machine, you increase the number of electrons flowing from the cathode to the anode. This results in a greater number of X-ray photons being produced, since each electron can potentially collide with an atom and produce an X-ray photon. Therefore, increasing tube current directly leads to an increase in patient dose, as there are more X-ray photons available to interact with the patient's tissues.
It is essential to balance the need for diagnostic image quality with patient safety by managing the tube current to minimize radiation exposure while achieving sufficient image clarity. In clinical practice, radiologic technologists adjust the tube current (measured in milliamperes, mA) and exposure time to modulate the patient dose and, consequently, the quality of the diagnostic image.
In summary, a higher tube current translates to a higher number of electrons causing more X-ray photon production, which elevates the patient dose.