Final answer:
In Madeira, a Colheita is aged for a minimum of 5 years, while a Frasqueira, or Vintage Madeira, is aged for at least 20 years, with the aging process being the distinguishing factor.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Madeira, what distinguishes a Colheita from a Frasqueira is the aging process. A Colheita is a single harvest Madeira that has been aged for at least 5 years, while a Frasqueira, also known as Vintage Madeira, is aged for at least 20 years. Both wines are made from the same variety of grapes, but it's the extended aging time for a Frasqueira that sets it apart, leading to a more complex flavor profile.
Due to this extensive aging process, Frasqueira Madeira is also much rarer and typically more expensive than Colheita Madeira. Both types of wine are regulated and certified for quality to ensure they meet the high standards expected of these prestigious Madeiran wines.