Final answer:
Hypovolemic shock is typically associated with b) tachycardia, which is a rapid heart rate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The heart rate associated with hypovolemic shock is typically b) tachycardia, not bradycardia.
Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a significant loss of bodily fluids, which can result from conditions such as severe vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage, or burns. Patients usually present with a rapid, almost tachycardic heart rate. In contrast, bradycardia is characterized by a resting heart rate that drops below 60 beats per minute (bpm), and it can be caused by multiple factors unrelated to hypovolemic shock. Concerning the specific answers provided in the multiple-choice questions: when the heart rate increases above 160 bpm in a healthy young adult, cardiac output generally decreases due to decreased ventricular filling time, sympathetic activation is associated with pupil dilation and increased heart rate, and a common form of circulatory shock among young children with severe diarrhea or vomiting is hypovolemic shock.