Final answer:
Yes, intrauterine devices (IUDs) have been linked to a higher relative risk of ectopic pregnancy if a pregnancy occurs while an IUD is in place. However, because IUDs are highly effective in preventing pregnancies, the overall risk of ectopic pregnancy is lower in IUD users compared to those not using any contraception. IUDs can be either copper-based or hormonal and are among the most reliable forms of reversible contraception available.
Step-by-step explanation:
Have intrauterine devices to prevent pregnancy ever been linked to ectopic pregnancy The answer is yes. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective forms of reversible contraception that can either contain copper or hormonal compounds. While IUDs are effective in preventing intrauterine pregnancies if a pregnancy does occur while an IUD is in place there is a higher relative risk that the pregnancy will be ectopic. However it's important to note that the overall risk of an ectopic pregnancy is lower in IUD users than in those not using any contraception because IUDs are so effective at preventing pregnancy in the first place.
The copper in copper IUDs helps prevent pregnancy by interfering with sperm movement and potentially preventing implantation while hormonal IUDs release progestin which thickens cervical mucus to trap sperm, and may also inhibit ovulation. Both types of IUD can stay in the uterus for an extended period and are removed by a physician. Once an IUD is removed, fertility typically returns to normal immediately. Although IUDs have a risk of increased menstrual bleeding and cramps, expulsion and a slight risk of uterine perforation, their failure rates are less than one percent.