Question

In emphysema, the alveoli are over-_____ and under-______.

a) Over-inflated, under-oxygenated
b) Inflamed, utilized
c) Enlarged, collapsed
d) Strengthened, weakened

Answer 1

The alveoli in emphysema are over-inflated and under-oxygenated due to damage that leads to larger alveoli and compromised ability to exchange gases efficiently.

Step-by-step explanation:

In emphysema, the correct answer to the question is that the alveoli are 'over-inflated' and 'under-oxygenated'. Emphysema is a type of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) that involves damage to the alveoli in the lungs. The walls of the alveoli break down, leading to fewer and larger alveoli, which decrease the surface area for gas exchange. These larger sacs result in a decreased ability to exchange gases and a loss of pressure due to reduced surface tension in the alveoli. Consequently, the alveoli do not efficiently expel air, reducing the oxygenation of blood and causing air to become trapped in the lungs. This condition usually arises from smoking and can severely impact breathing and gas exchange due to changes in the compliance and resistance of the lung.