Final answer:
Common signs of nerve agent toxicity include miosis, excessive salivation, muscle twitching, and difficulty breathing, which can lead to asphyxiation or cardiac arrest. Anticholinergics and oximes are used in treatment to counteract the effects of the nerve agents. Exposure typically occurs via inhalation or skin contact.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common Signs of Nerve Agent Toxicity
The common signs of nerve agent toxicity include miosis (constricted pupils), excessive salivation, muscle twitching, involuntary urination and defecation, convulsions, and difficulty breathing, which could lead to asphyxiation or cardiac arrest. The nerve agent compounds affect the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, causing a buildup of acetylcholine and resulting in overstimulation of muscles and glands. Exposure to nerve agents can occur through inhalation or skin contact.
Treatment for nerve agent poisoning consists of using anticholinergics like atropine to block the effects of excess acetylcholine, combined with oximes which help restore the function of acetylcholinesterase. It is crucial for military personnel and others who might be at risk to carry an autoinjector containing this combination for immediate use in the event of exposure.
Symptoms of Nerve Agent Poisoning
- Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
- Blurred/dim vision
- Excessive salivation and sweating
- Muscle twitching/fasciculations
- Difficulty breathing (Dyspnea)
- Seizures and unconsciousness