Final answer:
Compression during an Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) is contraindicated for patients with microscopic hematuria. Such a condition can indicate urinary tract lesions, which can be exacerbated by compression. For pyelonephritis diagnosis, a microscopic examination of urine combined with other tests is crucial without using compression in cases with hematuria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Compression is a technique that can sometimes be used during an Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) to improve the visualization of the renal pelvis and ureter by delaying the flow of contrast. However, compression is contraindicated in patients with microscopic hematuria, because the presence of red blood cells in the urine can indicate lesions in the urinary tract that might be worsened by increased pressure. Instead, non-compressive techniques should be applied to those with microscopic hematuria.
The presence of white blood cells in the urine typically suggests an infection such as pyelonephritis. Diagnosis of this infection involves testing for leukocyte esterase and nitrite levels, as well as performing a microscopic examination of the urine. An IVP, along with other forms of imaging, can be used for this purpose, but without compression in patients with hematuria.