Final answer:
The legal profession and trained scholars emerged from institutions and laws developed in ancient Rome and medieval universities. Scholar clans in China and professional guilds in the West also had significant roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The legal profession and the training of scholars have origins that can be traced back to ancient and medieval times. Roman law and its institutions were particularly influential, introducing concepts like precedence in legal decisions and the notion of innocence until proven guilty. This legacy was also reflected in the early modern period when universities like Oxford, Bologna, and Paris primarily existed to train students in professions such as medicine, law, or theology. In the context of China, the shizu or "scholar clans" were significant. These families were well-educated and held various offices, contributing to the development of a sophisticated administrative and legal culture. In the West, professional guilds played a vital role in maintaining high standards and enforcing professional ethics across many skilled groups, including those in the legal field. The creation of the Twelve Tables in Roman society, a code of publicly available laws, was a transformative development for legal systems, reducing corruption and ensuring more transparent legal proceedings. These historical developments collectively contributed to the creation of the legal profession as we understand it today.