Final answer:
Pilots must add 1000 feet to their MEA or MOCA when flying over mountainous areas where temperatures are significantly lower than the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
When flying over mountainous areas where temperatures are much lower than ISA, pilots must add 1000 feet to their Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA) or Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA). This adjustment is necessary to ensure adequate terrain and obstacle clearance under non-standard temperature conditions which can significantly affect aircraft performance.