Final answer:
Protective trousers for structural firefighting are called Turnout trousers, and they, along with other gear like Nomex shirts, are critical for the safety of firefighters and racing car drivers against fire-related hazards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protective trousers that are part of a protective clothing ensemble for structural firefighting are known as: a) Turnout trousers. These are designed to safeguard firefighters against the hazards they face during firefighting operations.
Similarly, materials like Nomex are utilized in making personal protective equipment for firefighters, including Nomex shirts and trousers for wildland firefighters, as well as for racing car drivers who wear suits, gloves, balaclavas, and other gear made of Nomex and other fire proof materials to ensure protection against fire
It is noteworthy that firefighter gear often incorporates advanced technology such as lightweight materials developed for the U.S. Space Program, which shows the collaboration between agencies like NASA and the development of protective equipment.