Final answer:
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the federal agency responsible for research and development related to occupational safety and health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The U.S. federal agency responsible for research and development on occupational safety and health issues is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). While the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is more widely known for its role in setting and enforcing standards and providing training and assistance, NIOSH is focused on research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. As part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), NIOSH plays a crucial role in understanding and addressing occupational health concerns, building the scientific foundation for OSHA's regulatory actions.