Final answer:
The medial PFC is key in executive functions and working memory, while the dorsolateral PFC is associated with decision-making and impulse control, making D) Language processing vs. Executive functions the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is composed of various regions associated with different functions. The medial PFC is known for its role in executive functions and working memory critical for goal-directed behaviors, which includes the ability to focus on goals, organize and represent information, as well as inhibit distracting thoughts. The dorsolateral PFC, on the other hand, is involved in the integration and association of sensory and motor information necessary to plan movements, thus contributing to the ability to make decisions and control impulses. The dorsolateral PFC works in concert with the primary motor cortex that initiates movements and the premotor and supplemental motor areas that help plan movements.
Furthermore, changes in the PFC during adolescence are significant for the maturation of executive functions such as decision making, abstract reasoning, and problem-solving. Therefore the correct answer for the functions of the medial vs. dorsolateral PFC is D) Language processing vs. Executive functions.