Final answer:
Cast syndrome, or SMA syndrome, is caused by the compression of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta, often as a side effect of being immobilized in a Risser cast. Treatment options include adjusting the cast, changing the patient's position, or surgery in severe cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cast syndrome is a rare condition that sometimes occurs when an individual is placed in a Risser cast, which is a type of spica cast used to immobilize part or all of the torso, typically after spinal surgery. The syndrome is also known as superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome and is caused by compression of the third part of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. This compression can result in partial or complete obstruction of the duodenum, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating.
The development of cast syndrome is associated with several risk factors, including rapid weight loss, reduced mesenteric fat pad (which normally cushions the duodenum), and changes in the position of the abdominal organs due to immobilization in the cast. Treatment typically involves alleviating the pressure on the duodenum either by adjusting the cast, positioning the patient differently, or, in severe cases, surgical intervention.