Final answer:
Pyloric stenosis is primarily caused by the hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, leading to a narrowed pyloric valve. Inflammation and excessive acid are not directly responsible for this condition, although they may cause other issues. Genetic factors might contribute but are not the direct cause of the muscular thickening.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pyloric valve, also known as the pylorus, can become stenosed (narrowed) in a condition known as pyloric stenosis. The primary cause of this condition is a) Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle. This involves the thickening of the muscles in the pylorus, which can then lead to a narrowing of the passageway between the stomach and the small intestine. As a result of the hypertrophy, the pylorus is unable to relax properly, hampering the passage of food into the intestine and causing symptoms such as vomiting and abdominal pain.
Inflammation of the pyloric sphincter or excessive acid production in the stomach can cause other issues within the gastrointestinal tract, such as gastritis or ulcers, but they are not the direct cause of the stenosis. While a genetic predisposition may play a role in the condition, it is not considered the direct cause of the stenosis itself. Instead, the disorder is primarily mechanical, resulting from the abnormally thickened muscles.