Final answer:
The time for dialysate to drain from the peritoneum during peritoneal dialysis typically takes around 15 to 30 minutes. This forms part of the larger dialysis session that can last 2 to 8 hours. Drinking a large glass of water will generally start increasing urine output after about 30 minutes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Peritoneal dialysis is a procedure used to treat patients with kidney failure. The time it takes for the dialysate to drain from the peritoneum typically is not specified as a standard duration because the process can vary based on individual patient circumstances and the specifics of their dialysis regimen. However, for the purpose of answering the multiple-choice question, it is important to note that dialysis sessions generally last anywhere from 2 to 8 hours. During this time, the dialysate is instilled into the peritoneal cavity, allowed to dwell there to absorb waste products and excess fluids, and then drained. It's during the drainage part of the cycle, which is part of the overall session, that the fluid is removed.
For most dialysis cycles, both the fill and drain times are fairly short components of the entire dialysis treatment. A single exchange may take about 30 to 40 minutes in total, with the draining process typically taking around 15 to 30 minutes. While the dialysis session incorporates the filling, dwelling, and draining phases, the specific inquiry regarding drainage alone would be closest to 15 minutes, option (a), though these times can vary between patients and specific treatment protocols.
As dialysis is a continuous need for patients with renal failure, alternative permanent solutions like a kidney transplant may be considered. On a related note, after drinking a large glass of water, a person typically begins to experience increased urine output about 30 minutes later, with diuresis peaking after approximately 1 hour. This is related to the body's regulation of fluid and the kidneys' role in filtration and excretion.