Final answer:
The necessary and proper clause grants Congress the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out their constitutional responsibilities. Four examples of federal laws and programs that reflect the expansion of these powers are the Affordable Care Act, Clean Air Act, Food Safety Modernization Act, and Americans with Disabilities Act.
Step-by-step explanation:
The necessary and proper clause, also known as the elastic clause, grants Congress the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out their constitutional responsibilities. Here are four examples of federal laws and programs that reflect the expansion of the enumerated powers under this clause:
- The Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, reflects the expansion of Congress's power to regulate healthcare. The ACA requires individuals to have health insurance and imposes penalties on those who don't comply.
- The Clean Air Act is an example of Congress using its power to regulate air pollution. This law gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to set standards for air quality and implement policies to reduce pollution.
- The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) represents Congress's power to regulate food safety. This law gives the FDA enhanced authority to prevent foodborne illnesses, inspect food facilities, and enforce safety standards throughout the food supply chain.
- The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is an example of Congress exercising its power to prohibit discrimination. The ADA ensures equal access and prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in various areas, including employment, public accommodations, and transportation.