Final answer:
Einstein's equation E = mc² signifies the interchangeability of energy and mass, suggesting that the energy of an object at rest is directly proportional to its mass times the speed of light squared. This principle is foundational in nuclear physics, where it helps calculate the energy produced in nuclear reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Albert Einstein’s equation, E = mc², expresses the idea that energy and mass are interchangeable. This profound concept means that the energy (E) stored in an object at rest is equal to its mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light (c) squared. Einstein’s insight into this matter-energy equivalence was a revolutionary breakthrough in physics, laying the foundation for modern energy calculations, especially in the field of nuclear physics where it is crucial for understanding processes like nuclear fission and fusion. In contravention of the longstanding belief that mass and energy were distinct entities, this equation showed that mass could be converted into energy and vice versa, which later was confirmed by abundant experimental evidence.
For instance, a nuclear reaction results in a change of mass into energy, visible in scenarios such as a nuclear bomb or reactor where a substantial amount of energy is released. This massive energy potential, indicated by the relativistic energy conversion rate of c², reveals that even a small amount of mass can be converted into a considerable amount of energy. The implications of Einstein's theory continue to influence physics, energy research, and our understanding of the universe itself.