Final answer:
Motivation is the process that drives behavior towards goals. It involves activation, persistence, intensity, and direction. It is important for performance and achievement. Early theories include instinct, drive reduction, and self-efficacy, while contemporary theories focus on cognitive processes, goal-setting, and autonomy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Motivation:
Motivation is the internal and external factors that drive an individual to engage in a certain behavior or take action towards a goal. It is the process that initiates, guides, and sustains behavior to satisfy needs and achieve desires.
Features of Motivation:
Activation: Motivation energizes and activates behavior.
Persistence: Motivation helps individuals to persist in their efforts towards achieving their goals.
Intensity: Motivation determines the level of effort an individual puts into a task.
Direction: Motivation directs behavior towards specific goals or outcomes.
Importance of Motivation:
Motivation is important because it determines the level of effort and persistence individuals put into their tasks, which ultimately affects their performance and achievement. It plays a crucial role in goal setting, self-regulation, and personal growth.
Early Theories of Motivation:
Early theories of motivation include instinct theory, drive reduction theory, and self-efficacy theory. Instinct theory suggests that behavior is driven by innate instincts. Drive reduction theory proposes that motivation arises from the need to reduce physiological imbalances or tensions. Self-efficacy theory emphasizes an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular task.
Contemporary Theories of Motivation:
Contemporary theories of motivation include the cognitive evaluation theory, goal-setting theory, and self-determination theory. These theories focus on the role of cognitive processes, goal setting, and autonomy in motivating behavior.