Final answer:
The solution with the most amount of solute per solvent is a supersaturated solution of sugar and water, as it contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions. The correct option is A. a supersaturated solution of sugar and water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The solution that would have the most amount of solute per solvent is a supersaturated solution of sugar and water. A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than is present in a saturated solution under the same conditions. This occurs when a solution has been prepared at an elevated temperature and then cooled; excess solute remains in solution, rather than precipitating out as would normally be expected when the solubility limit is exceeded.
A concentrated solution (option B) simply has a high amount of solute relative to the solvent, but it is not necessarily beyond the solubility limit. A saturated solution (option C) contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure. A dilute solution (option D) contains a relatively low concentration of solute.