Final answer:
Social media algorithms can create filter bubbles, reinforce confirmation bias, and focus on maximizing advertising revenues, which can result in a narrowed worldview and increased societal polarization. They may also contribute to the spread of misinformation and present irrelevant ads to users. The correct answer is option a., c. and d.
Step-by-step explanation:
Algorithms used by social media platforms can pose drawbacks for users in a number of ways. Filter bubbles are one such consequence, where algorithms curate content to align with a user's existing beliefs and interests, ultimately narrowing their exposure to diverse perspectives. This leads to reinforcement of confirmation bias, where users predominantly encounter information that confirms their existing views, potentially increasing societal division and political polarization.
In an attempt to maximize advertising revenues, social media companies strive to keep users engaged on their platforms as long as possible. This means that the algorithm tends to present content that will hold attention and stir emotions, including anger. Consequently, this can create an echo chamber effect, where users are less likely to see posts that challenge their worldview, thus contributing to a more polarized society.
Furthermore, these algorithms can inadvertently support the spread of misinformation and fake news, as seen in various incidents where social media was utilized to manipulate public opinion and influence elections. The targeting capabilities of these algorithms also mean that users are often confronted with ads that have no relevance to them, which can lead to a degraded user experience.