Final answer:
The writer's refutation involves undermining the counterargument by identifying and challenging its weaknesses, which bolsters their own claim. This is done through careful consideration of evidence, logical argumentation, and an appeal to fairness and emotion, often employing specific sentence constructions to aid in refutation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The writer's refutation is achieved by identifying and addressing counterarguments to show their weaknesses or inconsistencies. By doing so, the writer reinforces the validity of their own argument. They accomplish this by first identifying realistic counterclaims and then showing how these claims either lack evidence, are based on incorrect assumptions, or simply do not hold up under scrutiny. The goal of a refutation is to demonstrate to the reader that the writer has considered all aspects of the argument and still holds a stronger position.
The paper must maintain a structure that showcases the writer's fairness and ability to appeal to the reader's logic and emotions. In addition, by closely engaging with the rhetorical situation, or the context in which the argument is made, the writer effectively balances their argument with the opposition's. This involves addressing the skeptical reader's concerns by using strong, logical counterexamples and language that refutes the contradictions while supporting their claims.
One method to avoid the common error of failing to effectively refute counterpoints is to include particular sentence constructions that directly challenge the opposition's claims. Words such as 'while', 'although', 'yet', and 'however' can be instrumental in helping to subtly refute counterpoints and support the writer's primary argument.