Final answer:
Benzene can be synthesized through the Friedel-Crafts alkylations, by trimerizing acetylene, and via hydrogenation under high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
Step-by-step explanation:
Methods to Synthesize Benzene:
Benzene is an important organic chemical compound that can be synthesized through various chemical reactions. Here are three different reactions that illustrate methods of making benzene:
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- Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: Benzene can undergo a reaction with an alkyl halide to form an alkylated benzene. For example, benzene reacts with chloroethane in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst to give ethylbenzene.
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- Trimerization of Acetylene: Benzene can be prepared from acetylene through a catalytic trimerization reaction where three moles of acetylene (C2H2) combine to form benzene (C6H6).
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- Hydrogenation: Under high temperature and pressure, benzene can react with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst to form cyclohexane, although this process reduces the aromatic character of benzene.
It should be noted that the mentioned reactions are typically carried out under controlled conditions in a laboratory or industrial setting due to the reactive nature of the chemicals and the potential hazards involved.