Final answer:
Neural tube defects like Spina Bifida can be reduced during pregnancy mainly by ensuring sufficient intake of folic acid, which is vital for neural tube development (option 1). Pregnant women should consume foods rich in folate and may be advised to take folic acid supplements as part of their prenatal care.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neural tube defects like Spina Bifida can be significantly reduced during pregnancy by ensuring adequate intake of folic acid. Folic acid, a B vitamin, is crucial for the proper development of the neural tube, and a deficiency in this nutrient can lead to Spina Bifida, where the spinal tissue protrudes through an incompletely closed vertebral column. While taking prenatal vitamins is beneficial for overall fetus health, specific actions such as consuming enough folic acid are directly linked to a reduction in the risk of neural tube defects. Including foods rich in folate, like leafy greens, whole wheat, fruits, nuts, and legumes, is also recommended.
While avoiding certain foods, exercising regularly, and taking prenatal vitamins contribute to a healthy pregnancy, it is the intake of folic acid that has been shown to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects by as much as 40%. Pregnant women, and those who are trying to conceive, should be mindful of their diet and discuss pregnancy planning with their doctor to ensure they receive the right amount of folic acid. This care is a crucial part of prenatal care that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus, reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy.
Hence, the answer is option 1.