Question

Monkey

The Cerebral Cortex in Different Species
40
1
Human
Bird
Rabb
4.
Chimpanzee
The part of the brain colored pink in these diagrams is the
Cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that
gives the capacity to feel pain, fear, and grief.
Perhaps the most amazing example of an animal thinking
involves not a mammal, but a bird. Betty the crow makes her home in
a laboratory in Oxford, England. She devised an ingenious solution
for getting a treat in the form of food that scientists had inserted in a
long tube. When she first tried to get the treat, she stuck her beak into
the tube but found that the tube was too deep for her beak to reach
the treat. Undaunted, she picked up a piece of wire that the scientists
had placed beforehand in her cage. She bent the wire into a hook and
used the hook to lift the treat from the tube. She did this not once, but
repeatedly. What really amazed the scientists observing Betty was
that she had never seen a piece of wire before. But this bird figured
out the challenge, decided to use the wire, and then shape it into the
perfect tool for getting the treat.
CLOSE READ
TANK
ingenious of Pe
clever
aligin
c
READ
As you read lines 37-53, continue to cite textual evidence.
• Circle the central idea in lines 37-49 and lines 50-53, and underline at
least one detail that supports each central idea.
. In the margin, explain the author's purpose for including the diagram.
chart, and captions.

Answer 1

The cerebral cortex is key to higher brain functions such as memory, emotion, and consciousness. Mammals have a more folded cerebral cortex, allowing for enhanced cognitive abilities and social behaviors. The cerebrum and cerebral cortex differences across species correlate with the diversity of mental capacities and activities.

Step-by-step explanation:

The cerebral cortex is involved in the higher brain functions such as memory, emotion, and consciousness. The size and complexity of the cerebral cortex vary among different species, which correlates with different mental abilities and behaviors. In mammals, like humans, chimpanzees, and dolphins, the neocortex displays increased folding, which allows for a greater surface area and contributes to advance cognitive capabilities and complex social behaviors.

Furthermore, the cerebrum comprises the cortical gray matter and deep nuclei with crucial functions in cognition, learning, memory, and behavior. Structures like the corpus callosum in eutherian mammals enhance the integration of functions between the two cerebral hemispheres. These adaptations in mammals contribute significantly to their complex behaviors and intelligence compared to other vertebrates.