Final answer:
In nonindustrial societies, a traditional mode of production is prevalent, involving extended-family groups that work within a traditional economy, usually agricultural, inherited, and sustainability-focused.
Step-by-step explanation:
In nonindustrial societies, a traditional mode of production prevails. In these systems, work is typically carried out by extended-family groups within the household context. This traditional economy relies on customary ways of living where occupations are often hereditary, and most economic activities revolve around agriculture and other forms of material production using conventional methods.
The mode of subsistence is profoundly different from industrialism, which emphasizes wage labor, machinery, and mass production. Industrialism tends to shift the locus of labor from family-controlled environments to factories, with significant consequences on the control over work conditions and outcomes. It is notable that in gathering-hunting, pastoralism, and plant cultivation modes, which are common in nonindustrial societies, there is often (but not always) an element of environmental sustainability that is less emphasized in industrial economies.
Ultimately, these nonindustrial or traditional modes of subsistence not only determine the production and distribution of goods but also shape the social structure, cultural values, and economic progression of a society.