Final answer:
Drugs targeting peptidoglycan synthesis do not affect eukaryotic cells since eukaryotes lack peptidoglycan cell walls, which are unique to bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Drugs that target peptidoglycan synthesis do not affect eukaryotes. This is because eukaryotic cells, which include human cells, do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Peptidoglycan is unique to the cell walls of bacteria. Therefore, antibiotics like penicillin, which interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis, are effective against bacterial infections without harming human cells. Conversely, developing drugs that target eukaryotic pathogens without affecting human eukaryotic cells is more challenging due to the similarity in cell structure.