Final answer:
In the ABC-X Model of stress, the three factors determining a crisis are the stressor event, individual or family's resources and perception, and the level of external support. The time elapsed since the onset of the stressor is not one of the factors of this model. Therefore, the correct option is d) The time elapsed since the onset of the stressor (X).
Step-by-step explanation:
In the ABC-X Model of coping with stress, a crisis is determined by the interaction of three factors. The correct factors involved in this model are (A) The stressor event, (B) The individual or family's resources and perception, and (C) The level of external support. Option (d) The time elapsed since the onset of the stressor (X), is not one of the factors that determine a crisis according to the ABC-X Model. Stress can be categorized as chronic or acute, with chronic stressors lingering over extended periods and acute stressors being brief but potentially overwhelming. The perception and appraisal of stressors are critical to the experience of stress. Primary appraisal decides the potential harm or threat, while secondary appraisal assesses the available coping options. Good coping skills and social support are essential to manage stress effectively.