Final answer:
The concept of sound intensity, measured in decibels, explains how loudness varies in different environments, with prolonged exposure to sounds above 85 dB being harmful without protection. Noise reduction can be tackled with individual actions like ear protection and broader regulatory measures to control noise pollution. The federal government's role in regulating noise pollution is vital for public health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of loudness and how it is experienced in various environments relates to the concept of sound intensity, which is measured in decibels (dB). In scenarios like a quiet forest, the sound intensity is so low that one can hear minute noises such as a leaf falling. However, in contrast, a passing motorist with a loud stereo or the noise on crowded roadways can create sound levels that make it difficult to hear someone talking even if they are close by. Such high levels of noise can be hazardous to hearing, with consistent exposure to levels above 85 dB without ear protection being potentially harmful over an 8-hour period. The loudness of a sound is tied to the amplitude of the sound wave, and loud sounds such as those at rock concerts can reach levels as high as 120 dB.
To mitigate high noise exposure, individuals can use ear protection, and there are also broader measures that involve urban planning and regulations to reduce noise pollution. The question as to whether the federal government should do more to regulate noise pollution is partly a matter of public health and also involves consideration of practicality and enforcement.