Final Answer:
The defense mechanism that involves the conscious expression of feelings that are the opposite of unconscious feelings is "4) reaction formation".
Step-by-step explanation:
"Reaction formation" is a defense mechanism where individuals express feelings, thoughts, or behaviors that are the opposite of their true, unconscious feelings. In this process, individuals defend themselves against unacceptable or anxiety-provoking impulses by adopting attitudes or behaviors that are diametrically opposed to their true emotions. For example, someone with repressed feelings of anger might consciously display exaggerated kindness and warmth towards others.
This defense mechanism operates on the principle of overcompensation, attempting to conceal or alleviate internal conflict by showcasing a starkly contrasting external demeanor. It serves as a protective barrier against the discomfort associated with acknowledging and accepting one's authentic emotions. Psychologically, reaction formation allows individuals to create a facade that aligns with societal norms or personal ideals, masking the underlying emotional discord.
Understanding reaction formation is crucial in psychoanalytic therapy and counseling, as it sheds light on the complexities of human behavior and helps therapists guide individuals towards self-awareness. By recognizing and addressing the underlying unconscious feelings, individuals can work towards healthier coping mechanisms and a more authentic emotional expression.