Final answer:
To determine the charge on each electrode and the electric field strength, calculations involve the area of the electrodes, the capacitance formula, and the relationship between charge, voltage, and capacitance. However, without the permittivity of the dielectric material and other necessary constants, the requested calculations cannot be completed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The electrodes in the question are part of a parallel-plate capacitor system. Given a diameter of 14 cm for each electrode, we can calculate the area of one plate using the formula for the area of a circle, A = πr², where r is the radius. With this area and the given separation of 0.48 cm, we can calculate the capacitance (C) using the formula C = ε₀(εrA/d), where ε₀ is the permittivity of free space, εr is the relative permittivity of the dielectric material (which is assumed to be 1 for a vacuum or air), A is the area of the plate and d is the separation between the plates.
We can also calculate the charge (Q) on each electrode using the formula Q = CV, where V is the potential difference supplied by the battery. The electric field (E) inside a parallel-plate capacitor can be found using the formula E = V/d. And since the potential difference (V) is given by the battery and is 16 V, the electric field can be easily calculated. However, since we are not given the permittivity of the dielectric material between the plates, and we don't have numerical values for the permittivity of free space and other necessary constants, the charge and electric field cannot be calculated without this information.