Final answer:
The McCulloch v. Maryland decision expanded the power of the federal government over the states by affirming the supremacy of federal laws and supporting the concept of implied powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the McCulloch v. Maryland decision, the Supreme Court used several key facts to expand the power of the federal government in relation to the states. Firstly, the Court determined that the act to incorporate the Bank of the United States was made in pursuance of the Constitution and is part of the supreme law of the land. This highlighted the supremacy of federal laws over state laws. Secondly, the Court invoked the necessary and proper clause, which supports the concept of implied powers. This clause allowed Congress to establish policies and institutions that are necessary and appropriate to fulfill the legitimate ends of the Constitution.