Final answer:
The cervix undergoes spasmodic plunges into the vagina during the orgasmic phase of the female sexual response cycle. This phase is marked by intense muscle contractions, including those of the uterus and vaginal muscles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phase of the female sexual response during which the cervix plunges spasmodically into the vagina is the orgasmic phase. This phase, also simply known as orgasm, is characterized by rhythmic, involuntary contractions of muscles in both sexes. In females, these contractions notably include the uterine and vaginal muscles. The orgasmic phase is the culmination of the sexual response cycle, which starts with the excitement phase leading to the plateau phase, followed then by the orgasmic phase, and concludes with the resolution phase.
During the orgasmic phase, women may experience the phenomenon described in the question, where the uterus and vaginal muscles contract intensely. This phase is preceded by the plateau phase, where sexual arousal is heightened, and followed by the resolution phase, where the body returns to its normal state after the heightened arousal of orgasm.