Final answer:
Energy in the Sun is primarily transported by conduction, convection, and radiation, with radiation dominating in the radiative zone, convection in the convection zone, and conduction being ineffective due to the low density of solar material. Neutrinos also carry energy away from the core reminiscent of the radiation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The energy produced in the Sun's core is transported to the surface through three primary mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of energy through direct contact between particles and is not very effective in the Sun due to the low density of the solar material. Convection is the bulk movement of heated plasma, which is dominant in the outer layers of the solar interior, known as the convection zone. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves and dominates in the radiative zone, which is located between the core and the convection zone. Neutrinos, which are nearly massless particles, also carry energy away from the core to the Sun's exterior through a process similar to radiation, without interacting with matter.
The majority of the Sun's energy comes from its central regions where nuclear fusion occurs. Almost all of the Sun's luminosity originates within approximately 25% of the Sun's radius. Mathematical computer models are used to simulate and understand the complex processes occurring inside the Sun, providing insight into its internal structure and energy transport mechanisms.