Final answer:
Things with mass cannot occupy the same space simultaneously due to physical laws like the exclusion principle. Examples include rivalrous private goods like pizza slices, where only one person can consume it at a time, and in physics where events cannot influence each other if they have a space-like separation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Things with mass cannot share the same space at the same time. This concept is rooted in the physical laws that govern our universe, such as the exclusion principle and the conservation of energy. For instance, as in the example given, a slice of pizza, being a rivalrous private good, cannot be enjoyed by two people simultaneously. Moreover, when considering thermodynamics, a cold object in contact with a hot one does not spontaneously transfer energy by heat to the hot object. Additionally, in the realm of physics, two events with space-like separation cannot influence each other, as this would suggest particles traveling faster than the speed of light, leading to a violation of causality. The exclusion of individuals from consuming certain goods unless they have paid for them is referred to as being excludable.