Final answer:
The correct answer is option 3. The monumental tomb in Petra, Jordan, is known as the Khazneh, also referred to as the Treasury. This structure served as a mausoleum and features an intricate interior with burial niches and decorative pilasters, carved directly from the tufa bedrock.
Step-by-step explanation:
The monumental tomb in Petra, Jordan, is best known as the Khazneh or Treasury. This iconic structure is carved directly into the pink sandstone cliffs, showcasing the advanced engineering and artistic capabilities of the Nabateans who built it around the 1st century AD. The name 'Treasury' is a misnomer that dates back to legends suggesting that pirates hid their treasure in the urn at the top. However, the Khazneh is believed to be a mausoleum or a crypt.
Inside the tomb, you would find a quadrangular plan with the central room supported by two piers, and several burial niches styled like ancient dining couches, known as klinai. These niches are separated by decorative pilasters featuring volute or scroll-shaped capitals. The tomb was carved from the bedrock, which consists of a type of volcanic mudstone known as tufa.