Final answer:
After investigating and evaluating evidence, a writer may decide to appeal to the readers' logos, make concessions, address or refute opposing viewpoints, and ensure their argument is logical, factual, and empathetic to counterclaims.
Step-by-step explanation:
After investigating and evaluating the evidence, the writer may decide to appeal to the readers' logos, make some concessions, address opposing viewpoints, or refute opposing viewpoints. To appeal to logic, writers must state their position clearly, and support it with rational arguments, critical thinking, and credible evidence. They should avoid exaggerations and ensure their claims are supported by reliable evidence.
Understanding the logic of the position is crucial. A writer must assess whether the argument is persuasive and credible and whether any relevant points have been omitted. This evaluation helps determine the writer's willingness to accept or refute the author's conclusions. If a writer finds that the logic in an argument is sound, they must turn to assessing the truth of the premises, checking for factual accuracy, and considering possible exceptions or counterexamples to conceptual claims.
Identifying and addressing counterclaims is another critical step. When writers address differing opinions, they should do so empathetically, without antagonizing or dismissing opposing views. This helps in understanding the feelings of others and presenting a balanced viewpoint while still supporting the original position. Refuting counterclaims effectively requires finding weaknesses in the opposing argument and highlighting them, often using the opponent's language to demonstrate close reading.
Strategically, a writer might also adopt a stance that opposes their original position to brainstorm and gather evidence that would help refine and strengthen their argument. By considering various rhetorical appeals such as ethos, logos, pathos, and kairos, and the types of evidence that support sound reasoning, a writer can persuade the audience more effectively.