Final answer:
A pulmonary embolism is a medical emergency that occurs when a blood clot obstructs a pulmonary artery, disrupting blood flow to the lungs which can cause lung damage or death. Immediate treatment with anticoagulants or surgery is necessary to manage this condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a pulmonary artery. This arterial blockage can severely obstruct the flow of blood in the pulmonary circuit, which is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange. If this crucial flow is disrupted by a blood clot, the individual may experience serious consequences such as lung damage or even instant death. PE is considered a medical emergency because it can affect the body's ability to oxygenate blood.
Should a pulmonary embolism occur, immediate medical treatment is necessary. Interventions may include administration of anticoagulants to prevent additional clotting, thrombolysis to break up the clot, and in some cases, surgical removal of the embolus. Without prompt treatment, the embolism can cause parts of the lung to die due to lack of oxygen, leading to long-term complications or fatalities.