Final answer:
All of the detergents listed—bleach, ammonia, and vinegar—can be used to clean severe stains on stainless steel instruments, but they must be used carefully to avoid damaging the metal. Option 4 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about detergents that can be used to remove severe stains from stainless steel instruments. It is important to consider which chemicals are safe and effective for cleaning stainless steel without causing damage. Stainless steel cleaners often contain lactic, citric, or phosphoric acid. However, for severe stains, a stronger detergent may be required.
Bleach: This is a strong cleaning agent and can be used on stainless steel, but it should be diluted and used with caution, as high concentrations can cause discoloration.
Ammonia: While effective, ammonia must never be mixed with bleach because the combination releases toxic gases. When used correctly, it can be a powerful cleaner for stainless steel.
Vinegar: A milder acid, vinegar can help to clean without the harshness of bleach or ammonia. It is particularly useful for removing mineral deposits and for general cleaning.
Therefore, all of the options provided—bleach, ammonia, and vinegar—can be used to clean stainless steel instruments, but the choice depends on the severity of the stains and the need for care to avoid damage to the metal. Make sure to rinse thoroughly with water after using any of these agents.