Final answer:
All of the listed statements about ATP are true. ATP is the primary energy currency in cells, with high-energy bonds between phosphate groups that release energy upon hydrolysis which is used for cellular functions. ATP synthesis is coupled with energy-releasing reactions and ATP acts as the universal energy carrier in cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the provided statements about ATP are true. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is well-recognized as the primary energy currency within cells. Here's how each statement is accurate:
- The bond joining ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and the third phosphate is indeed a high-energy bond. This phosphoanhydride bond, when broken, releases the energy required for various cellular processes.
- The formation of ATP is definitely coupled to energy-liberating reactions. This occurs during processes such as cellular respiration, where the energy from nutrients is used to synthesize ATP.
- Conversion of ATP to ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) liberates energy which is then utilized for biosynthetic activities, cell movement, and a multitude of other energy-dependent cellular functions.
- It is accurate to call ATP the "universal energy carrier" of cells due to its role in energy transfer and its ubiquity across various cellular activities.
Therefore, ATP's role in energy transfer, involving the utilization of high-energy phosphate bonds and its regeneration through cellular metabolism, is crucial for life.