Final answer:
The characteristics include being forward-thinking and innovative, considering organization and member needs, and taking responsibility for one's actions and outcomes; hence, the correct answer is '4) All of the above'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristics of visionary thinking, decisions responsive to membership and mission, and accountability for actions and outcomes are multifaceted. They involve being forward-thinking and innovative, ensuring decisions consider the needs and goals of the organization and its members, and taking responsibility for actions and the results they produce. Thus, the correct answer is 4) All of the above.
Visionary thinking is characterized by the ability to process abstract information and anticipate situations that have not yet occurred. It involves creative problem-solving and imagining potential actions, akin to the 'Magic If' in theatrical terms. In terms of being responsive to membership and mission, leaders employ democratic styles, encouraging group participation and working towards consensus, considering both rational and emotional aspects of group behavior. Consistency and commitment, such as flexibility and a willingness to go above and beyond, are also key.
Accountability for actions and outcomes means maintaining responsibility for decisions made and their consequences. This includes owning up to mistakes and errors in judgment, solving problems independently, and responding professionally to feedback.