Final answer:
Operating systems can be classified as proprietary, such as Microsoft Windows, or open-source, like Linux.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two types of operating systems with their one-word definitions are:
- Microsoft Windows: Proprietary
- Linux: Open-source
A proprietary operating system like Microsoft Windows is owned by a single company which retains control over its usage and distribution. On the other hand, an open-source operating system such as Linux is free to use, modify, and distribute, often leading to various distributions and uses that benefit from community collaboration.
The computing industry has witnessed a significant shift from the monopolistic practices of companies controlling proprietary operating systems to the burgeoning growth of open-source operating systems like Linux, which challenge the status quo and offer cost-effective and versatile solutions for PCs and high-performance computing systems, such as supercomputers.