Final answer:
Disorders arising from brain injuries or drug use include traumatic brain injuries with symptoms like memory loss and confusion, and substance use disorder affecting mood and behavior. Neurotransmitter imbalances can cause various mental health issues, while vascular disorders and infections can result in brain damage or dysfunction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Disorders that arise from injuries or diseases that affect the brain can include a variety of conditions. For instance, traumatic brain injuries, which can occur from a physical blow to the head or penetration of the skull, may lead to serious symptoms such as loss of consciousness, confusion, personality changes, and memory difficulties. These injuries require medical attention and may result in permanent brain damage.
Substance use disorder, characterized by a compulsive pattern of drug use despite negative consequences, is another major issue. It affects the brain's neurotransmitter systems, leading to alterations in mood, perception, and behavior. Illegal drugs, legal substances such as alcohol, and prescription medications can all be psychoactive and potentially lead to addiction.
Neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with varying levels of neurotransmitters and can cause disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, and Parkinson's Disease. Vascular disorders like strokes can disrupt blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain, which may result in paralysis or loss of function depending on the affected brain area.
Neurological infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, can cause inflammation, risking brain damage or even death. Other nervous system diseases that involve degeneration of nervous tissue, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, may lead to a gradual loss of brain functions.