Final answer:
A +0.38 correlation between tests of verbal and spatial intelligence indicates a weak positive relationship, not a strong one. Cultural factors and different theories of intelligence suggest that there is more than just a common factor affecting these cognitive skills.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of a study finding a +0.38 correlation between tests of verbal and spatial intelligence, this value indicates a weak positive relationship. Correlation coefficients range from -1.0 to +1.0, with a coefficient closer to +1.0 or -1.0 signifying a stronger relationship, whereas values close to 0 suggest a weaker relationship. In this case, +0.38 reveals that while there is some relationship, it is not particularly strong. Moreover, correlational studies do not imply causation, and it's important to consider potential lurking variables that could influence the relationship. Cultural factors, for example, can impact the development of cognitive skills. As research has shown varying spatial abilities across cultures and gender nurtured by different activities and parenting styles, this suggests that variables like culture and upbringing could play significant roles in intelligence rather than just a common factor such as g. In light of this, and considering other theories of intelligence such as Cattell's division into crystallized and fluid intelligence, it's critical to conclude that a +0.38 correlation signifies only a weak positive relationship between verbal and spatial intelligence, aligning with option 2 from the choices provided.